Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains
Topic
Birth in this collection is the occasion for examining what we receive without choosing. Rousseau's man-is-born-free-and-everywhere-he-is-in-chains is the political entry: birth confers natural liberty, and society systematically removes it. Aristotle on educators honoring parents by giving not life but the art of living makes birth the beginning of the project rather than its completion. Shaw's patriotism-as-conviction-of-superiority-because-you-were-born-there is the satirical entry: national pride is an accident of geography elevated into virtue. Voltaire on not-being-more-surprising-to-be-born-twice-than-once is the theological argument: resurrection is no stranger than original birth, which is itself remarkable enough. Yeats's from-our-birthday-until-we-die-is-but-the-winking-of-an-eye is the temporal compression: life is long from inside it and instantaneous from outside. Twain on wanting to be born at eighty and approach youth gradually closes with his characteristic reversal: the direction of the biological process is the source of its particular cruelties.
Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains